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linux-scripts/security-group-auditor.sh
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#!/usr/bin/env bash
#########################################################################################
#### security-group-auditor.sh — Audit AWS Security Groups for risky configs ####
#### Finds 0.0.0.0/0 rules, dangerous ports, all-port rules, unused groups ####
#### Requires: bash 4+, aws CLI, jq ####
#### ####
#### Author: Phil Connor ####
#### Contact: contact@mylinux.work ####
#### License: MIT ####
#### Version 1.01 ####
#### ####
#### Usage: ####
#### ./security-group-auditor.sh --full ####
#### ####
#### See --help for all options. ####
#########################################################################################
set -euo pipefail
# ── Colors (pre-initialized) ─────────────────────────────────────────
RED="" GREEN="" YELLOW="" BLUE="" CYAN="" BOLD="" DIM="" RESET=""
setup_colors() {
if [[ "${COLOR:-auto}" == "never" ]]; then
return
fi
if [[ "${COLOR:-auto}" == "always" ]] || [[ -t 1 ]]; then
RED='\033[0;31m'
GREEN='\033[0;32m'
YELLOW='\033[0;33m'
BLUE='\033[0;34m'
CYAN='\033[0;36m'
BOLD='\033[1m'
DIM='\033[2m'
RESET='\033[0m'
fi
}
# ── Logging ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
log() { echo -e "${BLUE}[INFO]${RESET} $*"; }
warn() { echo -e "${YELLOW}[WARN]${RESET} $*" >&2; }
err() { echo -e "${RED}[ERROR]${RESET} $*" >&2; }
verbose() { if [[ "$VERBOSE" == "true" ]]; then echo -e "${DIM}[DEBUG]${RESET} $*"; fi; }
die() { err "$*"; exit 1; }
# ── Severity counters ────────────────────────────────────────────────
TOTAL_CRIT=0
TOTAL_WARN=0
TOTAL_INFO=0
TOTAL_OK=0
flag_crit() { ((TOTAL_CRIT++)) || true; }
flag_warn() { ((TOTAL_WARN++)) || true; }
flag_info() { ((TOTAL_INFO++)) || true; }
flag_ok() { ((TOTAL_OK++)) || true; }
# ── Defaults ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
RUN_MODE=""
DANGEROUS_PORTS="${DANGEROUS_PORTS:-22,3389,3306,5432,1433,6379,27017,9200,8080,8443}"
VERBOSE="${VERBOSE:-false}"
COLOR="${COLOR:-auto}"
AWS_REGION=""
VPC_ID=""
# ── State ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
SCRIPT_NAME="$(basename "$0")"
readonly SCRIPT_NAME
START_TIME=""
# ── Dependency and credential checks ────────────────────────────────
check_deps() {
command -v aws &>/dev/null || die "aws CLI is required (install: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/install-cliv2.html)"
command -v jq &>/dev/null || die "jq is required"
}
check_credentials() {
local identity
identity=$(aws_cmd sts get-caller-identity --output json 2>/dev/null) \
|| die "No valid AWS credentials — run 'aws configure' or set AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID/AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"
local account arn
account=$(echo "$identity" | jq -r '.Account')
arn=$(echo "$identity" | jq -r '.Arn')
verbose "Account: ${account}"
verbose "ARN: ${arn}"
local region
region=$(aws_cmd configure get region 2>/dev/null || true)
if [[ -z "$AWS_REGION" && -z "$region" ]]; then
die "No region set — use --region or 'aws configure set region REGION' or set AWS_DEFAULT_REGION"
fi
log "Account: ${account}"
log "Region: ${AWS_REGION:-$region}"
}
# ── aws wrapper ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
aws_cmd() {
local args=("$@")
if [[ -n "$AWS_REGION" ]]; then
args+=(--region "$AWS_REGION")
fi
verbose "aws ${args[*]}"
aws "${args[@]}"
}
# ── Port-to-service mapping ─────────────────────────────────────────
port_to_service() {
local port="$1"
case "$port" in
22) echo "SSH" ;;
80) echo "HTTP" ;;
443) echo "HTTPS" ;;
3306) echo "MySQL" ;;
5432) echo "PostgreSQL" ;;
1433) echo "MSSQL" ;;
3389) echo "RDP" ;;
6379) echo "Redis" ;;
27017) echo "MongoDB" ;;
9200) echo "Elasticsearch" ;;
8080) echo "HTTP-Alt" ;;
8443) echo "HTTPS-Alt" ;;
53) echo "DNS" ;;
25) echo "SMTP" ;;
5900) echo "VNC" ;;
11211) echo "Memcached" ;;
2379) echo "etcd" ;;
9090) echo "Prometheus" ;;
*) echo "" ;;
esac
}
# ── Check if port is in dangerous list ───────────────────────────────
is_dangerous_port() {
local port="$1"
local IFS=','
for dp in $DANGEROUS_PORTS; do
if [[ "$port" == "$dp" ]]; then
return 0
fi
done
return 1
}
# ── Check if dangerous port falls in a from-to range ────────────────
port_in_range() {
local port="$1" from="$2" to="$3"
[[ "$port" -ge "$from" && "$port" -le "$to" ]]
}
# ── Fetch security groups ───────────────────────────────────────────
fetch_sgs() {
local args=(ec2 describe-security-groups --output json)
if [[ -n "$VPC_ID" ]]; then
args+=(--filters "Name=vpc-id,Values=${VPC_ID}")
fi
aws_cmd "${args[@]}" 2>/dev/null | jq '.SecurityGroups'
}
# ── Fetch ENI attachments (SG IDs in use) ────────────────────────────
fetch_attached_sg_ids() {
aws_cmd ec2 describe-network-interfaces --output json \
--query 'NetworkInterfaces[].Groups[].GroupId' 2>/dev/null | jq -r '.[]' | sort -u
}
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# OPEN PORTS AUDIT
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
audit_open_ports() {
log "Auditing security groups for dangerous open ports..."
log "Dangerous ports: ${DANGEROUS_PORTS}"
echo ""
printf " %-24s %-14s %-14s %-8s %-12s %-18s %s\n" \
"SG_NAME" "SG_ID" "VPC" "PROTO" "PORT" "SOURCE" "SEVERITY"
printf " %s\n" "$(printf '%.0s─' {1..105})"
local sgs_json
sgs_json=$(fetch_sgs)
echo "$sgs_json" | jq -c '.[]' 2>/dev/null | while IFS= read -r sg; do
local sg_name sg_id vpc_id
sg_name=$(echo "$sg" | jq -r '.GroupName')
sg_id=$(echo "$sg" | jq -r '.GroupId')
vpc_id=$(echo "$sg" | jq -r '.VpcId // "none"')
echo "$sg" | jq -c '.IpPermissions[]? // empty' 2>/dev/null | while IFS= read -r perm; do
local protocol from_port to_port
protocol=$(echo "$perm" | jq -r '.IpProtocol')
from_port=$(echo "$perm" | jq -r '.FromPort // -1')
to_port=$(echo "$perm" | jq -r '.ToPort // -1')
# Check for 0.0.0.0/0 or ::/0
local has_open="false"
local source_cidr=""
while IFS= read -r cidr; do
if [[ "$cidr" == "0.0.0.0/0" || "$cidr" == "::/0" ]]; then
has_open="true"
source_cidr="$cidr"
break
fi
done < <(echo "$perm" | jq -r '(.IpRanges[].CidrIp // empty), (.Ipv6Ranges[].CidrIpv6 // empty)' 2>/dev/null)
[[ "$has_open" != "true" ]] && continue
# Protocol -1 means all traffic
if [[ "$protocol" == "-1" ]]; then
printf " %-24s %-14s %-14s %-8s %-12s %-18s %b%s%b\n" \
"${sg_name:0:23}" "$sg_id" "${vpc_id:0:13}" "all" "all" \
"$source_cidr" "$RED" "CRITICAL" "$RESET"
flag_crit
continue
fi
# No port range (e.g. icmp) — skip dangerous port check
if [[ "$from_port" == "-1" && "$to_port" == "-1" && "$protocol" != "-1" ]]; then
verbose "SG ${sg_id}: ${protocol} rule without port range — skipping port check"
continue
fi
# Check if any dangerous port is in the from-to range
local IFS=','
for dp in $DANGEROUS_PORTS; do
if port_in_range "$dp" "$from_port" "$to_port"; then
local svc severity color
svc=$(port_to_service "$dp")
if [[ "$dp" == "80" || "$dp" == "443" ]]; then
severity="INFO"; color="$CYAN"; flag_info
else
severity="CRITICAL"; color="$RED"; flag_crit
fi
local port_display="$dp"
[[ -n "$svc" ]] && port_display="${dp} (${svc})"
printf " %-24s %-14s %-14s %-8s %-12s %-18s %b%s%b\n" \
"${sg_name:0:23}" "$sg_id" "${vpc_id:0:13}" "$protocol" \
"$port_display" "$source_cidr" "$color" "$severity" "$RESET"
fi
done
done
done
echo ""
}
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# PERMISSIVE RULES AUDIT
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
audit_permissive() {
log "Auditing overly permissive security groups..."
echo ""
printf " %-24s %-14s %-14s %-18s %s\n" \
"SG_NAME" "SG_ID" "VPC" "SOURCE" "SEVERITY"
printf " %s\n" "$(printf '%.0s─' {1..85})"
local sgs_json
sgs_json=$(fetch_sgs)
echo "$sgs_json" | jq -c '.[]' 2>/dev/null | while IFS= read -r sg; do
local sg_name sg_id vpc_id
sg_name=$(echo "$sg" | jq -r '.GroupName')
sg_id=$(echo "$sg" | jq -r '.GroupId')
vpc_id=$(echo "$sg" | jq -r '.VpcId // "none"')
echo "$sg" | jq -c '.IpPermissions[]? // empty' 2>/dev/null | while IFS= read -r perm; do
local protocol
protocol=$(echo "$perm" | jq -r '.IpProtocol')
[[ "$protocol" != "-1" ]] && continue
local source_cidr=""
while IFS= read -r cidr; do
if [[ "$cidr" == "0.0.0.0/0" || "$cidr" == "::/0" ]]; then
source_cidr="$cidr"
break
fi
done < <(echo "$perm" | jq -r '(.IpRanges[].CidrIp // empty), (.Ipv6Ranges[].CidrIpv6 // empty)' 2>/dev/null)
[[ -z "$source_cidr" ]] && continue
printf " %-24s %-14s %-14s %-18s %b%s%b\n" \
"${sg_name:0:23}" "$sg_id" "${vpc_id:0:13}" \
"$source_cidr" "$RED" "CRITICAL" "$RESET"
flag_crit
done
done
echo ""
}
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# EGRESS AUDIT
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
audit_egress() {
log "Auditing egress security group rules..."
echo ""
printf " %-24s %-14s %-14s %-18s %s\n" \
"SG_NAME" "SG_ID" "VPC" "DESTINATION" "SEVERITY"
printf " %s\n" "$(printf '%.0s─' {1..85})"
local sgs_json
sgs_json=$(fetch_sgs)
echo "$sgs_json" | jq -c '.[]' 2>/dev/null | while IFS= read -r sg; do
local sg_name sg_id vpc_id
sg_name=$(echo "$sg" | jq -r '.GroupName')
sg_id=$(echo "$sg" | jq -r '.GroupId')
vpc_id=$(echo "$sg" | jq -r '.VpcId // "none"')
echo "$sg" | jq -c '.IpPermissionsEgress[]? // empty' 2>/dev/null | while IFS= read -r perm; do
local protocol
protocol=$(echo "$perm" | jq -r '.IpProtocol')
[[ "$protocol" != "-1" ]] && continue
local dest_cidr=""
while IFS= read -r cidr; do
if [[ "$cidr" == "0.0.0.0/0" || "$cidr" == "::/0" ]]; then
dest_cidr="$cidr"
break
fi
done < <(echo "$perm" | jq -r '(.IpRanges[].CidrIp // empty), (.Ipv6Ranges[].CidrIpv6 // empty)' 2>/dev/null)
[[ -z "$dest_cidr" ]] && continue
printf " %-24s %-14s %-14s %-18s %b%s%b\n" \
"${sg_name:0:23}" "$sg_id" "${vpc_id:0:13}" \
"$dest_cidr" "$YELLOW" "WARN" "$RESET"
flag_warn
done
done
echo ""
}
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# UNUSED GROUPS AUDIT
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
audit_unused() {
log "Checking for unused security groups..."
echo ""
printf " %-24s %-14s %-14s %-14s %s\n" \
"SG_NAME" "SG_ID" "VPC" "ATTACHED_ENIS" "SEVERITY"
printf " %s\n" "$(printf '%.0s─' {1..85})"
local sgs_json attached_ids
sgs_json=$(fetch_sgs)
attached_ids=$(fetch_attached_sg_ids)
echo "$sgs_json" | jq -c '.[]' 2>/dev/null | while IFS= read -r sg; do
local sg_name sg_id vpc_id
sg_name=$(echo "$sg" | jq -r '.GroupName')
sg_id=$(echo "$sg" | jq -r '.GroupId')
vpc_id=$(echo "$sg" | jq -r '.VpcId // "none"')
# Skip default SG — can't be deleted
if [[ "$sg_name" == "default" ]]; then
verbose "Skipping default SG ${sg_id} (cannot be deleted)"
flag_ok
continue
fi
if echo "$attached_ids" | grep -qx "$sg_id"; then
verbose "SG ${sg_id} (${sg_name}): attached to ENI(s)"
flag_ok
else
printf " %-24s %-14s %-14s %-14s %b%s%b\n" \
"${sg_name:0:23}" "$sg_id" "${vpc_id:0:13}" \
"0" "$YELLOW" "WARN — unused" "$RESET"
flag_warn
fi
done
echo ""
}
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# LIST ALL RULES
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
list_rules() {
log "Listing all security group rules..."
echo ""
printf " %-24s %-14s %-14s %-10s %-8s %-12s %-18s\n" \
"SG_NAME" "SG_ID" "VPC" "DIR" "PROTO" "PORTS" "SOURCE/DEST"
printf " %s\n" "$(printf '%.0s─' {1..105})"
local sgs_json
sgs_json=$(fetch_sgs)
echo "$sgs_json" | jq -c '.[]' 2>/dev/null | while IFS= read -r sg; do
local sg_name sg_id vpc_id
sg_name=$(echo "$sg" | jq -r '.GroupName')
sg_id=$(echo "$sg" | jq -r '.GroupId')
vpc_id=$(echo "$sg" | jq -r '.VpcId // "none"')
# Ingress rules
echo "$sg" | jq -c '.IpPermissions[]? // empty' 2>/dev/null | while IFS= read -r perm; do
local protocol from_port to_port port_str cidr_list
protocol=$(echo "$perm" | jq -r '.IpProtocol')
from_port=$(echo "$perm" | jq -r '.FromPort // -1')
to_port=$(echo "$perm" | jq -r '.ToPort // -1')
if [[ "$protocol" == "-1" ]]; then
port_str="all"
protocol="all"
elif [[ "$from_port" == "$to_port" ]]; then
port_str="$from_port"
else
port_str="${from_port}-${to_port}"
fi
cidr_list=$(echo "$perm" | jq -r '(.IpRanges[0].CidrIp // .Ipv6Ranges[0].CidrIpv6 // .UserIdGroupPairs[0].GroupId // "any")' 2>/dev/null)
printf " %-24s %-14s %-14s %b%-10s%b %-8s %-12s %-18s\n" \
"${sg_name:0:23}" "$sg_id" "${vpc_id:0:13}" "$CYAN" "INGRESS" "$RESET" \
"$protocol" "${port_str:0:11}" "${cidr_list:0:17}"
done
# Egress rules
echo "$sg" | jq -c '.IpPermissionsEgress[]? // empty' 2>/dev/null | while IFS= read -r perm; do
local protocol from_port to_port port_str cidr_list
protocol=$(echo "$perm" | jq -r '.IpProtocol')
from_port=$(echo "$perm" | jq -r '.FromPort // -1')
to_port=$(echo "$perm" | jq -r '.ToPort // -1')
if [[ "$protocol" == "-1" ]]; then
port_str="all"
protocol="all"
elif [[ "$from_port" == "$to_port" ]]; then
port_str="$from_port"
else
port_str="${from_port}-${to_port}"
fi
cidr_list=$(echo "$perm" | jq -r '(.IpRanges[0].CidrIp // .Ipv6Ranges[0].CidrIpv6 // .UserIdGroupPairs[0].GroupId // "any")' 2>/dev/null)
printf " %-24s %-14s %-14s %b%-10s%b %-8s %-12s %-18s\n" \
"${sg_name:0:23}" "$sg_id" "${vpc_id:0:13}" "$YELLOW" "EGRESS" "$RESET" \
"$protocol" "${port_str:0:11}" "${cidr_list:0:17}"
done
done
echo ""
}
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SUMMARY
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
print_summary() {
local elapsed
elapsed=$(( $(date +%s) - START_TIME ))
echo ""
echo " ══════════════════════════════════════════"
echo " Security Group Audit Summary"
echo " ══════════════════════════════════════════"
printf " %-20s %b%d%b\n" "CRITICAL:" "$RED" "$TOTAL_CRIT" "$RESET"
printf " %-20s %b%d%b\n" "WARN:" "$YELLOW" "$TOTAL_WARN" "$RESET"
printf " %-20s %b%d%b\n" "INFO:" "$CYAN" "$TOTAL_INFO" "$RESET"
printf " %-20s %b%d%b\n" "OK:" "$GREEN" "$TOTAL_OK" "$RESET"
echo " ──────────────────────────────────────────"
printf " Completed in %ds\n" "$elapsed"
echo ""
if [[ "$TOTAL_CRIT" -gt 0 ]]; then
echo -e " ${RED}${BOLD}Action required:${RESET} ${TOTAL_CRIT} critical finding(s)"
echo ""
echo " Top recommendations:"
echo " • Close 0.0.0.0/0 rules on SSH (22), RDP (3389), and database ports"
echo " • Replace all-traffic (-1) rules with specific port/protocol pairs"
echo " • Use VPC endpoints or NAT gateways instead of public access"
echo " • Delete unused security groups to reduce attack surface"
echo ""
elif [[ "$TOTAL_WARN" -gt 0 ]]; then
echo -e " ${YELLOW}Review recommended:${RESET} ${TOTAL_WARN} warning(s)"
echo ""
echo " Suggestions:"
echo " • Review unused security groups for deletion"
echo " • Restrict overly broad egress rules"
echo " • Use security group references instead of CIDR blocks where possible"
echo ""
else
echo -e " ${GREEN}All checks passed${RESET}"
echo ""
fi
}
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# USAGE
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
show_help() {
cat <<EOF
${BOLD}${SCRIPT_NAME}${RESET} — AWS Security Group Auditor
Audit AWS EC2 Security Groups for risky configurations
via the AWS CLI. Read-only — never modifies security groups.
${BOLD}MODES${RESET}
--full Run all audits
--open-ports Find dangerous ports open to 0.0.0.0/0
--permissive Find all-traffic rules open to the internet
--unused Find security groups not attached to any ENI
--egress Audit wide egress rules
--rules List all security group rules
${BOLD}OPTIONS${RESET}
--region REGION AWS region (overrides AWS_DEFAULT_REGION)
--vpc VPC_ID Limit to specific VPC (vpc-xxx)
--ports PORTS Override dangerous ports (comma-separated)
--verbose Debug output
--no-color Disable colored output
--help Show this help message
${BOLD}ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES${RESET}
DANGEROUS_PORTS Comma-separated ports to flag (default: 22,3389,...)
VERBOSE Enable verbose output (true/false)
COLOR Color mode: auto, always, never
AWS_DEFAULT_REGION Default AWS region
${BOLD}EXAMPLES${RESET}
# Full audit
${SCRIPT_NAME} --full
# Check open ports only
${SCRIPT_NAME} --open-ports
# Audit a specific region
${SCRIPT_NAME} --full --region us-east-1
# Filter by VPC
${SCRIPT_NAME} --open-ports --vpc vpc-0abc123def456
# Custom dangerous ports
${SCRIPT_NAME} --open-ports --ports "22,3389,5432,6379"
# List all security group rules
${SCRIPT_NAME} --rules
${BOLD}EXIT CODES${RESET}
0 All checks passed
1 Warnings found (review recommended)
2 Critical findings (action required)
EOF
}
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# PARSE ARGS
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
parse_args() {
local modes=()
while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
case "$1" in
--full)
modes=(open-ports permissive unused egress)
shift ;;
--open-ports)
modes+=(open-ports); shift ;;
--permissive)
modes+=(permissive); shift ;;
--unused)
modes+=(unused); shift ;;
--egress)
modes+=(egress); shift ;;
--rules)
modes+=(rules); shift ;;
--region)
AWS_REGION="${2:?--region requires a value}"; shift 2 ;;
--vpc)
VPC_ID="${2:?--vpc requires a value}"; shift 2 ;;
--ports)
DANGEROUS_PORTS="${2:?--ports requires a value}"; shift 2 ;;
--verbose)
VERBOSE="true"; shift ;;
--no-color)
COLOR="never"; shift ;;
--help|-h)
setup_colors; show_help; exit 0 ;;
*)
die "Unknown option: $1 (see --help)" ;;
esac
done
if [[ ${#modes[@]} -eq 0 ]]; then
err "No audit mode specified"
echo "Run ${SCRIPT_NAME} --help for usage" >&2
exit 1
fi
RUN_MODE="${modes[*]}"
}
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# MAIN
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
main() {
parse_args "$@"
setup_colors
check_deps
check_credentials
START_TIME=$(date +%s)
echo ""
echo -e "${BOLD}AWS Security Group Auditor${RESET}"
echo -e "Region: ${AWS_REGION:-$(aws configure get region 2>/dev/null || echo 'default')}"
echo -e "Mode: ${RUN_MODE}"
if [[ -n "$VPC_ID" ]]; then
echo -e "VPC: ${VPC_ID}"
fi
echo -e "Time: $(date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ)"
echo ""
for mode in $RUN_MODE; do
case "$mode" in
open-ports) audit_open_ports ;;
permissive) audit_permissive ;;
unused) audit_unused ;;
egress) audit_egress ;;
rules) list_rules ;;
esac
done
print_summary
if [[ "$TOTAL_CRIT" -gt 0 ]]; then
exit 2
elif [[ "$TOTAL_WARN" -gt 0 ]]; then
exit 1
fi
exit 0
}
main "$@"