<#
.SYNOPSIS
    Windows Container Prometheus Metrics Exporter
.DESCRIPTION
    Prometheus exporter for Windows container metrics - container count and state,
    per-container CPU, memory, network I/O, restart counts, image inventory,
    and volume usage. Uses the Docker CLI to collect metrics and exports them
    in Prometheus-compatible text format.
.PARAMETER Mode
    Output mode: 'stdout' (default), 'textfile', or 'http'
.PARAMETER Port
    HTTP port for http mode (default: 9517)
.PARAMETER TextfileDir
    Directory for textfile collector output (default: C:\ProgramData\node_exporter)
.PARAMETER InstallScheduledTask
    Switch to create a scheduled task for auto-start on system boot
.PARAMETER TaskIntervalMinutes
    Interval in minutes for the scheduled task (default: 2)
.NOTES
    Author:  Phil Connor
    Contact: contact@mylinux.work
    Website: https://mylinux.work
    License: MIT
    Version: 1.0

    Metrics Exported:
      Core Status:
        - windows_container_up
        - windows_container_exporter_info{version}

      Containers:
        - windows_container_total
        - windows_container_running
        - windows_container_stopped

      Per-Container:
        - windows_container_cpu_percent{name, id}
        - windows_container_memory_bytes{name, id}
        - windows_container_memory_limit_bytes{name, id}
        - windows_container_network_rx_bytes{name, id}
        - windows_container_network_tx_bytes{name, id}
        - windows_container_restart_count{name, id}

      Images:
        - windows_container_image_count
        - windows_container_image_size_bytes

      Volumes:
        - windows_container_volume_count

      Exporter:
        - windows_container_exporter_duration_seconds
        - windows_container_exporter_last_run_timestamp
#>

param(
    [ValidateSet('stdout', 'textfile', 'http')]
    [string]$Mode = 'stdout',

    [int]$Port = 9517,

    [string]$TextfileDir = 'C:\ProgramData\node_exporter',

    [switch]$InstallScheduledTask,

    [int]$TaskIntervalMinutes = 2
)

# Create a scheduled task to run this script every $TaskIntervalMinutes minutes
if ($InstallScheduledTask) {
    $taskName = "WindowsContainerExporter"
    $existingTask = Get-ScheduledTask -TaskName $taskName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

    if (-not $existingTask) {
        $taskAction = New-ScheduledTaskAction -Execute "powershell.exe" -Argument "-NoProfile -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -File `"$($MyInvocation.MyCommand.Path)`" -Mode textfile"

        if (-not $TaskIntervalMinutes -or $TaskIntervalMinutes -le 0) {
            throw "TaskIntervalMinutes must be a positive integer"
        }

        $taskTrigger = New-ScheduledTaskTrigger -Once -At (Get-Date).AddMinutes(1) -RepetitionInterval (New-TimeSpan -Minutes $TaskIntervalMinutes) -RepetitionDuration (New-TimeSpan -Days 365)
        $taskPrincipal = New-ScheduledTaskPrincipal -UserId "SYSTEM" -LogonType ServiceAccount -RunLevel Highest

        try {
            Write-Host "Creating scheduled task: $taskName"
            Register-ScheduledTask -TaskName $taskName -Action $taskAction -Trigger $taskTrigger -Principal $taskPrincipal -Description "Exports Windows container metrics for Prometheus every $TaskIntervalMinutes minutes"

            $createdTask = Get-ScheduledTask -TaskName $taskName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            if (-not $createdTask) {
                throw "Failed to verify scheduled task creation"
            }
            Write-Host "Successfully created scheduled task: $taskName" -ForegroundColor Green
        } catch {
            Write-Error "Failed to create scheduled task: $($_.Exception.Message)"
            throw
        }
    } else {
        Write-Host "Scheduled task '$taskName' already exists, skipping creation"
    }
}

$ErrorActionPreference = 'SilentlyContinue'

# ============================================================================
# HELPER FUNCTIONS
# ============================================================================

function Get-UnixTimestamp {
    [int][double]::Parse((Get-Date -UFormat '%s'))
}

function Format-MetricValue {
    param([double]$Value, [int]$Decimals = 2)
    [math]::Round($Value, $Decimals)
}

function Sanitize-LabelValue {
    param([string]$Value)
    $Value -replace '[\\"]', '' -replace '[\r\n]', ''
}

function Parse-SizeToBytes {
    param([string]$SizeStr)
    $SizeStr = $SizeStr.Trim()
    if ($SizeStr -match '^([\d.]+)\s*(B|KB|KiB|MB|MiB|GB|GiB|TB|TiB)$') {
        $num = [double]$Matches[1]
        switch ($Matches[2]) {
            'B'   { return [long]$num }
            'KB'  { return [long]($num * 1000) }
            'KiB' { return [long]($num * 1024) }
            'MB'  { return [long]($num * 1000000) }
            'MiB' { return [long]($num * 1048576) }
            'GB'  { return [long]($num * 1000000000) }
            'GiB' { return [long]($num * 1073741824) }
            'TB'  { return [long]($num * 1000000000000) }
            'TiB' { return [long]($num * 1099511627776) }
        }
    }
    return 0
}

function Parse-PercentValue {
    param([string]$PctStr)
    $PctStr = $PctStr.Trim().TrimEnd('%')
    try {
        return [double]$PctStr
    } catch {
        return 0.0
    }
}

function Parse-NetworkValue {
    param([string]$NetStr)
    $NetStr = $NetStr.Trim()
    if ($NetStr -match '^([\d.]+)\s*(\w+)\s*/\s*([\d.]+)\s*(\w+)$') {
        $rxVal = Parse-SizeToBytes "$($Matches[1]) $($Matches[2])"
        $txVal = Parse-SizeToBytes "$($Matches[3]) $($Matches[4])"
        return @{ RX = $rxVal; TX = $txVal }
    }
    return @{ RX = 0; TX = 0 }
}

# ============================================================================
# CONTAINER METRICS
# ============================================================================

function Get-ContainerMetrics {
    $sb = [System.Text.StringBuilder]::new()

    # Check Docker daemon reachability
    $dockerUp = $false
    try {
        $dockerInfo = docker info --format '{{.ServerVersion}}' 2>&1
        if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0 -and $dockerInfo) {
            $dockerUp = $true
        }
    } catch {}

    # --- windows_container_up ---
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('# HELP windows_container_up Docker daemon reachability (1=up, 0=down)')
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('# TYPE windows_container_up gauge')
    $upVal = if ($dockerUp) { 1 } else { 0 }
    [void]$sb.AppendLine("windows_container_up $upVal")
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('')

    # --- windows_container_exporter_info ---
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('# HELP windows_container_exporter_info Exporter version information')
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('# TYPE windows_container_exporter_info gauge')
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('windows_container_exporter_info{version="1.0"} 1')
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('')

    if (-not $dockerUp) {
        return $sb.ToString()
    }

    # --- Container counts ---
    $allContainers = @()
    try {
        $allContainersRaw = docker ps -a --format '{{.ID}}|{{.Names}}|{{.State}}' 2>&1
        if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0 -and $allContainersRaw) {
            $allContainers = $allContainersRaw | Where-Object { $_ -match '\|' } | ForEach-Object {
                $parts = $_ -split '\|', 3
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ID    = $parts[0].Trim()
                    Name  = $parts[1].Trim()
                    State = $parts[2].Trim()
                }
            }
        }
    } catch {}

    $totalContainers = $allContainers.Count
    $runningContainers = ($allContainers | Where-Object { $_.State -eq 'running' } | Measure-Object).Count
    $stoppedContainers = ($allContainers | Where-Object { $_.State -ne 'running' } | Measure-Object).Count

    [void]$sb.AppendLine('# HELP windows_container_total Total containers')
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('# TYPE windows_container_total gauge')
    [void]$sb.AppendLine("windows_container_total $totalContainers")
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('')

    [void]$sb.AppendLine('# HELP windows_container_running Running containers')
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('# TYPE windows_container_running gauge')
    [void]$sb.AppendLine("windows_container_running $runningContainers")
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('')

    [void]$sb.AppendLine('# HELP windows_container_stopped Stopped containers')
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('# TYPE windows_container_stopped gauge')
    [void]$sb.AppendLine("windows_container_stopped $stoppedContainers")
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('')

    # --- Per-container CPU and memory from docker stats ---
    $statsData = @()
    try {
        $statsRaw = docker stats --no-stream --format '{{.ID}}|{{.Name}}|{{.CPUPerc}}|{{.MemUsage}}|{{.NetIO}}' 2>&1
        if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0 -and $statsRaw) {
            $statsData = $statsRaw | Where-Object { $_ -match '\|' } | ForEach-Object {
                $parts = $_ -split '\|', 5
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ID       = Sanitize-LabelValue $parts[0].Trim()
                    Name     = Sanitize-LabelValue $parts[1].Trim()
                    CPUPerc  = $parts[2].Trim()
                    MemUsage = $parts[3].Trim()
                    NetIO    = $parts[4].Trim()
                }
            }
        }
    } catch {}

    # --- windows_container_cpu_percent ---
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('# HELP windows_container_cpu_percent CPU usage percentage per container')
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('# TYPE windows_container_cpu_percent gauge')
    foreach ($stat in $statsData) {
        $cpuPct = Format-MetricValue (Parse-PercentValue $stat.CPUPerc)
        $shortId = $stat.ID.Substring(0, [Math]::Min(12, $stat.ID.Length))
        [void]$sb.AppendLine("windows_container_cpu_percent{name=`"$($stat.Name)`",id=`"$shortId`"} $cpuPct")
    }
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('')

    # --- windows_container_memory_bytes ---
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('# HELP windows_container_memory_bytes Memory usage in bytes per container')
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('# TYPE windows_container_memory_bytes gauge')
    foreach ($stat in $statsData) {
        $memParts = $stat.MemUsage -split '\s*/\s*', 2
        $memUsed = Parse-SizeToBytes $memParts[0].Trim()
        $shortId = $stat.ID.Substring(0, [Math]::Min(12, $stat.ID.Length))
        [void]$sb.AppendLine("windows_container_memory_bytes{name=`"$($stat.Name)`",id=`"$shortId`"} $memUsed")
    }
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('')

    # --- windows_container_memory_limit_bytes ---
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('# HELP windows_container_memory_limit_bytes Memory limit in bytes per container')
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('# TYPE windows_container_memory_limit_bytes gauge')
    foreach ($stat in $statsData) {
        $memParts = $stat.MemUsage -split '\s*/\s*', 2
        $memLimit = 0
        if ($memParts.Count -ge 2) {
            $memLimit = Parse-SizeToBytes $memParts[1].Trim()
        }
        $shortId = $stat.ID.Substring(0, [Math]::Min(12, $stat.ID.Length))
        [void]$sb.AppendLine("windows_container_memory_limit_bytes{name=`"$($stat.Name)`",id=`"$shortId`"} $memLimit")
    }
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('')

    # --- windows_container_network_rx_bytes ---
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('# HELP windows_container_network_rx_bytes Network bytes received per container')
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('# TYPE windows_container_network_rx_bytes gauge')
    foreach ($stat in $statsData) {
        $netValues = Parse-NetworkValue $stat.NetIO
        $shortId = $stat.ID.Substring(0, [Math]::Min(12, $stat.ID.Length))
        [void]$sb.AppendLine("windows_container_network_rx_bytes{name=`"$($stat.Name)`",id=`"$shortId`"} $($netValues.RX)")
    }
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('')

    # --- windows_container_network_tx_bytes ---
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('# HELP windows_container_network_tx_bytes Network bytes transmitted per container')
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('# TYPE windows_container_network_tx_bytes gauge')
    foreach ($stat in $statsData) {
        $netValues = Parse-NetworkValue $stat.NetIO
        $shortId = $stat.ID.Substring(0, [Math]::Min(12, $stat.ID.Length))
        [void]$sb.AppendLine("windows_container_network_tx_bytes{name=`"$($stat.Name)`",id=`"$shortId`"} $($netValues.TX)")
    }
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('')

    # --- windows_container_restart_count ---
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('# HELP windows_container_restart_count Restart count per container')
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('# TYPE windows_container_restart_count gauge')
    foreach ($container in $allContainers) {
        $restartCount = 0
        try {
            $inspectRaw = docker inspect --format '{{.RestartCount}}' $container.ID 2>&1
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0 -and $inspectRaw -match '^\d+$') {
                $restartCount = [int]$inspectRaw.Trim()
            }
        } catch {}
        $containerName = Sanitize-LabelValue $container.Name
        $shortId = $container.ID.Substring(0, [Math]::Min(12, $container.ID.Length))
        [void]$sb.AppendLine("windows_container_restart_count{name=`"$containerName`",id=`"$shortId`"} $restartCount")
    }
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('')

    # --- Image metrics ---
    $imageCount = 0
    $imageTotalSize = 0
    try {
        $imagesRaw = docker images --format '{{.Size}}' 2>&1
        if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0 -and $imagesRaw) {
            $imageLines = $imagesRaw | Where-Object { $_.Trim() -ne '' }
            $imageCount = ($imageLines | Measure-Object).Count
            foreach ($imgSize in $imageLines) {
                $imageTotalSize += Parse-SizeToBytes $imgSize.Trim()
            }
        }
    } catch {}

    [void]$sb.AppendLine('# HELP windows_container_image_count Total container images')
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('# TYPE windows_container_image_count gauge')
    [void]$sb.AppendLine("windows_container_image_count $imageCount")
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('')

    [void]$sb.AppendLine('# HELP windows_container_image_size_bytes Total size of all images in bytes')
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('# TYPE windows_container_image_size_bytes gauge')
    [void]$sb.AppendLine("windows_container_image_size_bytes $imageTotalSize")
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('')

    # --- Volume metrics ---
    $volumeCount = 0
    try {
        $volumesRaw = docker volume ls -q 2>&1
        if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0 -and $volumesRaw) {
            $volumeCount = ($volumesRaw | Where-Object { $_.Trim() -ne '' } | Measure-Object).Count
        }
    } catch {}

    [void]$sb.AppendLine('# HELP windows_container_volume_count Total volumes')
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('# TYPE windows_container_volume_count gauge')
    [void]$sb.AppendLine("windows_container_volume_count $volumeCount")
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('')

    $sb.ToString()
}

# ============================================================================
# COLLECT ALL METRICS
# ============================================================================

function Get-AllMetrics {
    $scriptStart = Get-Date
    $sb = [System.Text.StringBuilder]::new()

    # Collect container metrics
    [void]$sb.Append((Get-ContainerMetrics))

    # Exporter runtime
    $scriptEnd = Get-Date
    $duration = Format-MetricValue ($scriptEnd - $scriptStart).TotalSeconds
    $timestamp = Get-UnixTimestamp

    [void]$sb.AppendLine('# HELP windows_container_exporter_duration_seconds Time to generate all metrics')
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('# TYPE windows_container_exporter_duration_seconds gauge')
    [void]$sb.AppendLine("windows_container_exporter_duration_seconds $duration")
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('')
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('# HELP windows_container_exporter_last_run_timestamp Unix timestamp of last successful run')
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('# TYPE windows_container_exporter_last_run_timestamp gauge')
    [void]$sb.AppendLine("windows_container_exporter_last_run_timestamp $timestamp")
    [void]$sb.AppendLine('')

    $sb.ToString()
}

# ============================================================================
# HTTP SERVER MODE
# ============================================================================

function Start-HttpServer {
    param([int]$ListenPort)

    $prefix = "http://+:$ListenPort/"
    $listener = [System.Net.HttpListener]::new()
    $listener.Prefixes.Add($prefix)

    try {
        $listener.Start()
        Write-Host "Starting Windows Container exporter on port $ListenPort..." -ForegroundColor Green
        Write-Host "Metrics available at http://localhost:$ListenPort/metrics"

        while ($listener.IsListening) {
            $context  = $listener.GetContext()
            $request  = $context.Request
            $response = $context.Response

            if ($request.Url.AbsolutePath -eq '/metrics') {
                $metrics = Get-AllMetrics
                $buffer  = [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes($metrics)
                $response.ContentType = 'text/plain; version=0.0.4; charset=utf-8'
            }
            else {
                $html = @"
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><title>Windows Container Exporter v1.0</title></head>
<body>
<h1>Windows Container Exporter v1.0</h1>
<p><a href="/metrics">Metrics</a></p>
<h2>Metrics</h2>
<ul>
<li>Docker daemon reachability</li>
<li>Container counts and states</li>
<li>Per-container CPU, memory, and network usage</li>
<li>Per-container restart counts</li>
<li>Image count and total size</li>
<li>Volume count</li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
"@
                $buffer = [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes($html)
                $response.ContentType = 'text/html; charset=utf-8'
            }

            $response.ContentLength64 = $buffer.Length
            $response.OutputStream.Write($buffer, 0, $buffer.Length)
            $response.OutputStream.Close()
        }
    }
    catch {
        Write-Error "HTTP server error: $_"
        Write-Error "If access denied, run: netsh http add urlacl url=http://+:$ListenPort/ user=Everyone"
    }
    finally {
        if ($listener.IsListening) {
            $listener.Stop()
        }
    }
}

# ============================================================================
# MAIN EXECUTION
# ============================================================================

switch ($Mode) {
    'http' {
        Start-HttpServer -ListenPort $Port
    }
    'textfile' {
        $OutputFile = Join-Path $TextfileDir 'windows_container.prom'

        $outputDir = Split-Path $OutputFile -Parent
        if (-not (Test-Path $outputDir)) {
            New-Item -Path $outputDir -ItemType Directory -Force | Out-Null
        }

        $tempFile = Join-Path $outputDir ".windows_container.$PID.tmp"

        try {
            $metrics = Get-AllMetrics
            $metrics | Out-File -FilePath $tempFile -Encoding utf8 -NoNewline

            $lineCount = ($metrics -split "`n").Count
            if ($lineCount -lt 10) {
                Remove-Item -Path $tempFile -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                Write-Error "Metrics file too small ($lineCount lines), keeping previous"
                exit 1
            }

            Move-Item -Path $tempFile -Destination $OutputFile -Force
            Write-Host "Metrics written to $OutputFile ($lineCount lines)" -ForegroundColor Green
        }
        catch {
            Remove-Item -Path $tempFile -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            Write-Error "Failed to generate metrics: $_"
            exit 1
        }
    }
    default {
        Get-AllMetrics | Write-Output
    }
}