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new exporters, cheat sheets, and automation scripts.
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#!/bin/bash
################################################################################
# Script Name: tailscale-exporter.sh
# Version: 1.0
# Description: Prometheus exporter for Tailscale VPN — node status, peer
# connections, transfer bytes, relay tracking, and exit node status
#
# Author: Phil Connor
# Contact: contact@mylinux.work
# Website: https://mylinux.work
# License: MIT
#
# Prerequisites:
# - Tailscale CLI installed and tailscaled running
# - jq for JSON parsing
# - Root/sudo access (some tailscale commands require it)
# - netcat (nc) for HTTP mode
#
# Usage:
# sudo ./tailscale-exporter.sh
# sudo ./tailscale-exporter.sh --http -p 9587
# sudo ./tailscale-exporter.sh --textfile
#
# Metrics exported:
# tailscale_up - Tailscale daemon reachable (1/0)
# tailscale_info - Self node info (version, hostname, tailnet)
# tailscale_self_online - Whether this node is online (1/0)
# tailscale_self_ip - This node's Tailscale IP addresses
# tailscale_peers_configured - Total peer count
# tailscale_peers_online - Currently online peers
# tailscale_peer_online - Per-peer online status (1/0)
# tailscale_peer_direct - Per-peer direct connection (1/0)
# tailscale_peer_relay - Per-peer DERP relay usage (1 if relayed)
# tailscale_peer_tx_bytes - Per-peer transmitted bytes
# tailscale_peer_rx_bytes - Per-peer received bytes
# tailscale_peer_last_seen_timestamp - Per-peer last seen Unix timestamp
# tailscale_exit_node_active - Whether an exit node is in use (1/0)
# tailscale_peers_by_os - Peer count by operating system
# tailscale_exporter_duration_seconds - Script execution time
# tailscale_exporter_last_run_timestamp - Last run timestamp
#
# Configuration:
# Default HTTP port: 9587
# Textfile directory: /var/lib/node_exporter
#
################################################################################
# ==============================================================================
# CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
# ==============================================================================
TEXTFILE_DIR="/var/lib/node_exporter"
OUTPUT_FILE=""
HTTP_MODE=false
HTTP_PORT=9587
show_usage() {
cat <<EOF
Usage: $0 [OPTIONS]
Export Tailscale VPN statistics as Prometheus metrics.
MODES:
--textfile Write to node_exporter textfile collector
--http Run HTTP server on port $HTTP_PORT
OPTIONS:
-p, --port HTTP port (default: 9587)
-o, --output Output file path
EXAMPLES:
sudo $0 --textfile
sudo $0 --http --port 9587
EOF
exit 0
}
parse_args() {
while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
case $1 in
-h|--help) show_usage ;;
--textfile) OUTPUT_FILE="$TEXTFILE_DIR/tailscale.prom"; shift ;;
--http) HTTP_MODE=true; shift ;;
-p|--port) HTTP_PORT="$2"; shift 2 ;;
-o|--output) OUTPUT_FILE="$2"; shift 2 ;;
*) echo "Unknown option: $1" >&2; exit 1 ;;
esac
done
}
# ==============================================================================
# HELPER FUNCTIONS
# ==============================================================================
check_tailscale() {
if ! command -v tailscale >/dev/null 2>&1; then
echo "ERROR: tailscale command not found" >&2
return 1
fi
if ! command -v jq >/dev/null 2>&1; then
echo "ERROR: jq command not found" >&2
return 1
fi
if ! tailscale status >/dev/null 2>&1; then
echo "ERROR: tailscaled not responding" >&2
return 1
fi
return 0
}
prom_escape() {
local val="$1"
val="${val//\\/\\\\}"
val="${val//\"/\\\"}"
val="${val//$'\n'/\\n}"
echo "$val"
}
iso_to_unix() {
local ts="$1"
if [ -z "$ts" ] || [ "$ts" = "null" ]; then
echo "0"
return
fi
local unix_ts
unix_ts=$(date -d "$ts" +%s 2>/dev/null)
echo "${unix_ts:-0}"
}
# ==============================================================================
# METRIC GENERATION
# ==============================================================================
generate_metrics() {
local script_start
script_start=$(date +%s)
if ! check_tailscale; then
echo "# HELP tailscale_up Tailscale daemon reachable"
echo "# TYPE tailscale_up gauge"
echo "tailscale_up 0"
return
fi
# Capture tailscale status JSON once
local tmp_json
tmp_json=$(mktemp /tmp/.tailscale_status.XXXXXX)
if ! tailscale status --json > "$tmp_json" 2>/dev/null; then
echo "# HELP tailscale_up Tailscale daemon reachable"
echo "# TYPE tailscale_up gauge"
echo "tailscale_up 0"
rm -f "$tmp_json"
return
fi
echo "# HELP tailscale_up Tailscale daemon reachable"
echo "# TYPE tailscale_up gauge"
echo "tailscale_up 1"
echo ""
# --- Self node info ---
local self_hostname self_version tailnet_name self_online
self_hostname=$(jq -r '.Self.HostName // ""' "$tmp_json")
self_version=$(jq -r '.Version // ""' "$tmp_json")
tailnet_name=$(jq -r '.MagicDNSSuffix // ""' "$tmp_json")
self_online=$(jq -r '.Self.Online // false' "$tmp_json")
echo "# HELP tailscale_info Tailscale node information"
echo "# TYPE tailscale_info gauge"
echo "tailscale_info{version=\"$(prom_escape "$self_version")\",hostname=\"$(prom_escape "$self_hostname")\",tailnet_name=\"$(prom_escape "$tailnet_name")\"} 1"
echo ""
echo "# HELP tailscale_self_online Whether this node is online"
echo "# TYPE tailscale_self_online gauge"
if [ "$self_online" = "true" ]; then
echo "tailscale_self_online 1"
else
echo "tailscale_self_online 0"
fi
echo ""
# --- Self IPs ---
echo "# HELP tailscale_self_ip Tailscale IP address of this node"
echo "# TYPE tailscale_self_ip gauge"
local self_ips
self_ips=$(jq -r '.Self.TailscaleIPs[]? // empty' "$tmp_json")
while IFS= read -r ip; do
[ -z "$ip" ] && continue
echo "tailscale_self_ip{ip=\"$(prom_escape "$ip")\"} 1"
done <<< "$self_ips"
echo ""
# --- Peer metrics ---
local total_peers=0
local online_peers=0
local exit_node_active=0
# Collect per-peer data via jq
local peer_data
peer_data=$(jq -r '
.Peer // {} | to_entries[] |
[
.value.HostName // "",
(.value.TailscaleIPs[0]? // ""),
.value.OS // "",
(.value.Online // false | tostring),
.value.CurAddr // "",
.value.Relay // "",
(.value.TxBytes // 0 | tostring),
(.value.RxBytes // 0 | tostring),
.value.LastSeen // "",
(.value.ExitNode // false | tostring)
] | @tsv
' "$tmp_json")
# Declare associative array for OS counts
declare -A os_counts
echo "# HELP tailscale_peer_online Per-peer online status (1=online, 0=offline)"
echo "# TYPE tailscale_peer_online gauge"
echo "# HELP tailscale_peer_direct Per-peer direct connection (1=direct, 0=relayed)"
echo "# TYPE tailscale_peer_direct gauge"
echo "# HELP tailscale_peer_relay Per-peer DERP relay usage (1 if relayed)"
echo "# TYPE tailscale_peer_relay gauge"
echo "# HELP tailscale_peer_tx_bytes Per-peer transmitted bytes"
echo "# TYPE tailscale_peer_tx_bytes counter"
echo "# HELP tailscale_peer_rx_bytes Per-peer received bytes"
echo "# TYPE tailscale_peer_rx_bytes counter"
echo "# HELP tailscale_peer_last_seen_timestamp Per-peer last seen Unix timestamp"
echo "# TYPE tailscale_peer_last_seen_timestamp gauge"
while IFS=$'\t' read -r hostname tailscale_ip os online cur_addr relay tx_bytes rx_bytes last_seen exit_node; do
[ -z "$hostname" ] && continue
total_peers=$((total_peers + 1))
local escaped_hostname escaped_ip escaped_os
escaped_hostname=$(prom_escape "$hostname")
escaped_ip=$(prom_escape "$tailscale_ip")
escaped_os=$(prom_escape "$os")
# Online status
local online_val=0
if [ "$online" = "true" ]; then
online_val=1
online_peers=$((online_peers + 1))
fi
echo "tailscale_peer_online{hostname=\"$escaped_hostname\",tailscale_ip=\"$escaped_ip\",os=\"$escaped_os\"} $online_val"
# Direct connection
local direct_val=0
if [ -n "$cur_addr" ] && [[ ! "$cur_addr" =~ ^DERP ]]; then
direct_val=1
fi
echo "tailscale_peer_direct{hostname=\"$escaped_hostname\"} $direct_val"
# Relay usage
if [ -n "$relay" ]; then
echo "tailscale_peer_relay{hostname=\"$escaped_hostname\",relay=\"$(prom_escape "$relay")\"} 1"
else
echo "tailscale_peer_relay{hostname=\"$escaped_hostname\",relay=\"\"} 0"
fi
# Transfer bytes
echo "tailscale_peer_tx_bytes{hostname=\"$escaped_hostname\"} ${tx_bytes:-0}"
echo "tailscale_peer_rx_bytes{hostname=\"$escaped_hostname\"} ${rx_bytes:-0}"
# Last seen timestamp
local last_seen_unix
last_seen_unix=$(iso_to_unix "$last_seen")
echo "tailscale_peer_last_seen_timestamp{hostname=\"$escaped_hostname\"} $last_seen_unix"
# Exit node check
if [ "$exit_node" = "true" ]; then
exit_node_active=1
fi
# OS aggregation
if [ -n "$os" ]; then
os_counts["$os"]=$(( ${os_counts["$os"]:-0} + 1 ))
fi
done <<< "$peer_data"
echo ""
echo "# HELP tailscale_peers_configured Total number of configured peers"
echo "# TYPE tailscale_peers_configured gauge"
echo "tailscale_peers_configured $total_peers"
echo ""
echo "# HELP tailscale_peers_online Number of currently online peers"
echo "# TYPE tailscale_peers_online gauge"
echo "tailscale_peers_online $online_peers"
echo ""
echo "# HELP tailscale_exit_node_active Whether an exit node is currently in use"
echo "# TYPE tailscale_exit_node_active gauge"
echo "tailscale_exit_node_active $exit_node_active"
echo ""
# --- Peers by OS ---
echo "# HELP tailscale_peers_by_os Number of peers by operating system"
echo "# TYPE tailscale_peers_by_os gauge"
for os in "${!os_counts[@]}"; do
echo "tailscale_peers_by_os{os=\"$(prom_escape "$os")\"} ${os_counts[$os]}"
done
echo ""
# --- Exporter metadata ---
local script_end script_duration
script_end=$(date +%s)
script_duration=$((script_end - script_start))
cat <<EOF
# HELP tailscale_exporter_duration_seconds Time to generate all metrics
# TYPE tailscale_exporter_duration_seconds gauge
tailscale_exporter_duration_seconds $script_duration
# HELP tailscale_exporter_last_run_timestamp Unix timestamp of last successful run
# TYPE tailscale_exporter_last_run_timestamp gauge
tailscale_exporter_last_run_timestamp $script_end
EOF
rm -f "$tmp_json"
}
# ==============================================================================
# HTTP SERVER
# ==============================================================================
run_http_server() {
echo "Starting Tailscale exporter on port $HTTP_PORT..." >&2
if ! command -v nc >/dev/null 2>&1; then
echo "ERROR: netcat (nc) required for HTTP mode" >&2
exit 1
fi
while true; do
{
read -r request
if [[ "$request" =~ ^GET\ /metrics ]]; then
echo -e "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/plain; version=0.0.4\r\n\r"
generate_metrics
else
echo -e "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\n\r"
echo "<html><head><title>Tailscale Exporter</title></head><body><h1>Tailscale Prometheus Exporter</h1><p><a href=\"/metrics\">Metrics</a></p></body></html>"
fi
} | nc -l -p "$HTTP_PORT" -q 1 2>/dev/null
done
}
# ==============================================================================
# MAIN
# ==============================================================================
main() {
parse_args "$@"
if [ "$HTTP_MODE" = true ]; then
run_http_server
elif [ -n "$OUTPUT_FILE" ]; then
local output_dir
output_dir="$(dirname "$OUTPUT_FILE")"
mkdir -p "$output_dir"
local temp_file
temp_file=$(mktemp "${output_dir}/.tailscale_metrics.XXXXXX")
if ! generate_metrics > "$temp_file" 2>/dev/null; then
rm -f "$temp_file"
echo "ERROR: Failed to generate metrics" >&2
exit 1
fi
chmod 644 "$temp_file"
mv -f "$temp_file" "$OUTPUT_FILE"
echo "Metrics written to $OUTPUT_FILE" >&2
else
generate_metrics
fi
}
main "$@"